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The controversial articles of the Law Against Racism and All Forms of Discrimination

These are items that have caused the reaction of groups of journalists and media owners.

Several journalists have mostly agreed with the law, but fear that the disputed items can be used to control freedom of expression and punished for going public some irregularities.

Article 16

"The medium that authorizes and publishes racist and discriminatory ideas is liable to financial penalties and suspension of operating license, subject to regulation. "

Article 23

(Article 281 quater, paragraph II): "If the act is committed by an employee or an employee a means of social communication, or owner, you can not claim any immunity or outside. "

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The 6 rules of persuasive communication

The 6 rules of communication Persuasive of Cialdini to be based on making some behavior patterns collectively internalized in the human psyche, in order to influence the behavior of the interlocutor. They are natural springs that emerge from heuristics rather than logical processes or reflections.

1. Principle of Reciprocity

refers to the need in the social relations of restoring balance. That is, when we receive anything, we feel the need to give something in return. For example, sellers often provide free samples of a product or service, and produce an imbalance in order to restore balance by granting the customer sales.

The principle of reciprocity is based on treating others as they treat us. Social norms impel them to correspond to the "benefactor" when that person has helped you, a gift something, or has it made any kind of favor. A person who does not behave in accordance with this standard is commonly perceived as unpleasant and exploited. It is therefore easier to convince those people who previously have been given a gift, or are has done a favor. That sense of obligation to us make them more likely to agree to our requirements. An initial please create obligations that will be matched and exceeded in the future.

The norm of reciprocity is a cornerstone for the functioning of societies. It is important because it benefits individuals and the group as a whole. Ensures that any resources that you share in a given time will be returned by the other when needed. There are provisions that remind us of this obligation: "An eye for eye, tooth for tooth" or "what you do not want for no you want it to anybody, ". If we want to elicit information to someone, it'll make any confidential previously personal, small confession, or any other information. Thus feel obliged to tell us something in return. In a sale or a bargain is based on a common strategy that allows for huge price a deep discount. This suggests the potential buyer has made major concessions. The other half believe that it has convinced the seller and takes something at a bargain price, but may actually lose out.

2. Coherence Principle

also called the commitment or consistency. Human beings need to be consistent in what you do, what they buy and in general behavior. An obsessive way, we have the desire to appear consistent with respect to others. When making any decision, we note the "pressure" to behave according to our commitment. For example, this principle can explain why it is more difficult to capture a new customer than keep an old or programs brand loyalty.

The influence of the principle of consistency is based on the desire to be and appear a person's attitudes and behaviors consistent over time. We try to be consistent with others but also towards ourselves. Coherence is a personality trait of social value, which is associated with other traits such as being logical, rational, stable and honest. On the contrary, a person is considered inconsistent superficial, unintelligent, indecisive and weak.

Mercedes López-Sáez ( 1 ) ( MLS) offers some variations this law: " The technique foot in the door is to ask the person you want do something a little compromise, not too expensive for not being denied, which is related to our objective. Once the request is accepted, we ask a commitment of greater importance, which is what he really wanted to achieve. If the person refuses a second request that someone would seem incoherent. " (MLS). For example, when someone approaches you on the street or call you for a small questionnaire without commitment and after a while to get in touch trying to sell you something.

"Another technique based on coherence is negligible favors legitimacy, which also technique is often called "a penny is enough" and could be called in Castilian "even five dollars come right." (MLS). is to request a purchase or donation so modest claiming a very important purpose, that virtually no one could deny. Widely used and successful charities.

"Another tactic of influence based on the desire for consistency is the technical -ball or ball against the base. It is so called because once it has reached an agreement on bases or conditions, remove the basis on which agreement has been made. " (MLS).

There are various examples where this principle comes into play: when you go to a supermarket for milk supply and must be content with a more expensive because the supply is exhausted, or when purchasing something and you realize that the product is slightly different than originally announced. We rarely turn around and exit the facility because of the principle of consistency.

3. Principle of Social Approval

irreproachable

is a principle in psychology that is more intelligent the sum of individuals (and in many Sometimes a single individual) than the mass. We act in the same manner as society (or sub-groups) to gain acceptance of it. Often though the company is wrong. Said the famous economist John Maynard Keynes something like "It's easier to go wrong with the crowd to face the crowd and tell the truth" .

We all like to feel the acceptance of the "flock" and think that by acting as it does the rest reduce the risk of error, as explained by popular culture: "When beards you see your neighbor cut, put yours to soak " . This is truly one of the mainstays of marketing and is also one of the basic principles of the Maslow pyramid.

past in the plays was a group of people paid in the first row (CLA) to cheer on the play and to awaken the applause in the rest of the public. Basically the same as Apple did when Poland paid actors to queue in phone shops and so everyone wanted to buy iPhones appear, when in fact it was not.

Another example is the famous "testimonials" or testimonials and success stories from users reinforced in us the feeling of belonging to the herd and make a smart purchase. Many people admire a work of art or horrific film criticism or just because their friends do. We all give security best-sellers, films seen, the 40 biggest hits of the music, sometimes just for the fact that everyone likes.

4. Principle of Sympathy

rarely buy something for someone we do not like. Empathy is key to sell, although extremely sympathetic to reject an effect. In few areas is this more evident than in politics. Politicians usually are surrounded by actors and celebrities to appropriate part of the sympathy that these people lead.

Despite the bad management in his first term, George W. Bush prevailed over the candidate John Kerry because he was perceived as an average American, simple and direct, compared to Kerry perceived as a very intellectual, aloof, with a poorly defined views and uncharismatic. Perhaps Kerry would be a good option, but it was not known to sell.

sales is very common in invite the client to eat to implement the principle of sympathy and reciprocity simultaneously. A good meal makes a social relationship, and therefore commercial.

Mercedes López-Sáez

this principle breaks up into four basic tools: physical attractiveness, similarity, praise and flattery and familiarity.

- " The beauty produce a halo effect and attractive people are attributed, in addition to their external charms, positive personality traits such as intelligence, kindness or honesty which raises their chances of influence. "(MLS).

Normally see beautiful models in television advertisements, even in many weight loss products!

- "Another factor that evokes sympathy is the similarity in opinions, hobbies and even trivial things." (MLS).

The clearest example is to have some sort of local connection. The seller always seems to find a link as being born in the same city as the client, or have visited, have friends there, etc.

- "The accolades and praise we receive also increases sympathy for the person who offers them and cause a pleasurable emotional state." (MLS).

Another basic tool for a politician is demagoguery, which is basically telling the electorate what they want to hear (not what you need).

- "A fourth factor that increases sympathy is familiarity. Repeated exposure to a stimulus increases the attraction to him. The trend towards a more positive assessment of objects familiar to us that new occurs even when the 1st person not aware of having seen the stimulus. "(MLS)

initially is always easier to sell something that a new product known or unknown. People would like to keep their customs.

5. Top of

Authority

The authority has many different manifestations, not always related to the direct power but also credibility. A doctor will be an irrefutable authority for any patient, a police impose law and order without discussion, a financial advisor to manage our savings will always know better than we do ... or so we think forever.

often thought that the "opinion makers" such as consultants, marriage counselors, psychologists and similar concepts proposed worldwide are obvious, but nobody has translated, has dared to say, or just because sometimes you need an outsider to make important decisions for us. This principle comes into play when we see famous actors announcing fitness equipment in the home shopping or drugs supported by studies or expert (as independence and reliability is often dubious).

In the beginning of authority come into play two elements, hierarchy and symbols The hierarchy is based on the belief that people who reach senior positions in the hierarchy have more knowledge and experience than the rest. Symbols bring credibility, the uniform of a policeman, a banker expensive costume, the robe of a doctor, who holds an academic title, etc.

6. Principle of Scarcity

The law of supply and demand play a major role in this principle, as discussed in our article "The heuristic value" . If the customer perceives a low supply or high demand for a good, immediately showed interest and be willing to pay a higher price. The opportunities seem more valuable the more difficult for us to get them.

very obvious examples are limited editions or collector. They are offering deals that last for a short period of time for the public to decide to buy. Another example to encourage the purchase to censor or ban a film or a product. Immediately increase the public interest in the forbidden object. For example, the prohibition on alcohol and drugs makes it more attractive to youth.

Conclusion

Who was not a "victim" several times the performance of six heuristic Robert Cialdini?, Possibly almost never have even noticed, since the end of the day that is based on the costume. Notably, even if it is a very useful tool for designing marketing strategies, do not abuse the trust of the client or the credibility of the brand will obviously damaged.

The six principles of Robert Cialdini usually work in first sale, but are less useful on a long business relationship. In a future article I will discuss another key element to discuss the psychological foundations of marketing: The Maslow Pyramid .

heuristics

"Usually a heuristic exists when a problem is complex or incomplete information problem brings. In general, heuristics can be considered a shortcut to the active mental processes and, therefore, is a measure that saves or conserves mental resources. Heuristics operate effectively in most circumstances, however, can also lead to systematic errors in decision-making or the development of trials. ideation heuristic solutions often stems from an argument by analogy. " ( 2 )

Or what is the same, modern marketing is to use some mental spring the potential buyer to bypass (or deliberately ignore) the logical process of purchase. An example to explain the heuristics are most optical illusions. In them the mind is faced with a complex problem, and unable to solve is capable of filling gaps, distorted perception, and in general to assume false facts based on previous experiences. Just as in the six principles of Cialdini.

In the left image, such as diagonal lines are parallel, even if it looks like without a more detailed analysis.

Basically in this appeal heuristic is based on a tremendous part of advertising and marketing strategies today. But not only due to the appeal to these heuristics, but also influence social behavior patterns based on education, morals or the avoidance of "conflict."

The sum of these factors often leads to automatic responses, and we use them as a simple rule to act, and indeed in most cases work correctly. When not working correctly but used stimuli to influence us, the answers can be controlled in a rational manner, but often require time, skill and motivation to make a reasoned analysis. Required to be in a state of alert or special predisposition. Some authors also attribute these processes to information overload, which can promote automatic responses in certain situations.

( 1) Source: Psicosocial.net

( 2) Source: Wikipedia

28 Aug 2010

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Commercial Sayings 2010

Latin American journalistic ethics code structure

We have been victims of ignorance of ourselves, not knowing what our rights and obligations in thinking or writing their own.

The Felap proclaims the following Code of Journalistic Ethics Latinoamericano:

Article 1 - Journalism should be a service of general interest, with eminently social functions aimed at the development of the individual and the community. Journalists should actively participate in social change-oriented democratic development of society, and devote his conscience and professional work to promote respect for freedoms and human rights.

Article 2 - Journalism should contribute to strengthening peace, coexistence, self-determination of peoples, disarmament, international detente and mutual understanding among all peoples of the world, fighting for the equality of human beings without distinction race, opinion, origin, language, religion or nationality. It is an inescapable duty of the journalist in Latin America contribute to economic independence, political and cultural life of our nations and peoples, and the establishment of a New International Economic Order and the decolonization of information.

Article 3 - are also imperative duty of the journalist: Foster, consolidate and defend freedom of expression and the right to information, understood as the right of peoples to inform and be informed. Promote the conditions for the establishment of free and balanced flow of nations at the global, regional and national levels.
Fight for a new information order in accordance with the interests of the people to replace the currently prevailing in most Latin American countries distorting reality.
fight for the democratization of information to the journalist exercising his mission of professional mediator and agent of social change and that the community has access to that same information. Reject the propaganda
of inevitability of war, the threat and use of force in international conflicts.

Article 4 - In his professional work journalist adopt the principles of truth and fairness and lack of ethics when silence, distort or misrepresent the facts, provide the public with information about the context of events and about opinions on them are issued so that the recipient of the news message can interpret the origin and basis of the facts. In the dissemination of ideas and opinions the journalists will advocate the conditions so that they can express themselves democratically and are not constrained by commercial interests, advertising or otherwise.

Article 5 - The reporter is responsible for the information and opinions, accept the existence of rights of reply and shall respect professional secrecy regarding sources.

Article 6 - Journalists should do their work within the framework of the integrity and dignity of the profession, require respect for their beliefs, ideas or opinions as well as information materials given to its source of employment, fight for access to decision making in the media to work. In legal respect seek the establishment of legal statutes that enshrine the rights and professional duties.

Article 7 - actions are in violation of professional ethics: Plagiarism and disrespect for intellectual property. Bribery, kickbacks and extortion. The omission of information of public interest. Libel and slander. Sensationalism.

Article 8 - violation is considered a high degree of professional ethics involvement or complicity of journalists in the repression of the press and information workers.

Article 9 - The journalist must strengthen the organization and trade union unity or union where they exist and help create them where they are not linked to the movement and of the working class of his country.

Article 10 - The journalist should seek the best knowledge and ensure the protection of national values \u200b\u200bespecially for the language as a cultural expression and as a general factor of new forms of culture.

Article 11 - is a journalist must contribute to the protection of nature and report the facts that generate pollution and environmental destruction. The Latin American Journalism Ethics Code comes into force upon its approval by the Second Latin American Congress of Journalists. As seen with the naked eye is the transcribed text of his time journalist much commitment is required explicit political. Moreover the survey results FELAP of 1985 show that the arrogant state of the owners of the media has not changed in most Latin American countries is the attitude of UNESCO against compulsory licensing of journalists, how strong roots in Latin America had been thrown.

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The Protest greets Congress Fejuve of El Alto and its resolutions.

laprotestabolivia@gmail.com

A grassroots rebellion, expressed in most of the 2,400 delegates, defeated attempts by the leadership of the MAS to maintain control of the legendary FEJUVE of El Alto. Is the local organization that spearheaded the October 2003 uprising that toppled Sanchez de Losada neoliberal demanding nationalization without compensation of transnational oil, the main claim of the "Agenda of October. The FEJUVE their neighborhood committees organized the entire population of El Alto than one million inhabitants.

Congress de la FEJUVE, que con 4 delegados por cada una de las 600 juntas vecinales,  consideró que el gobierno del MAS es "colonial y oligárquico", exige expropiar a transnacionales retomando reclamos de la Agenda de Octubre, “luchar por sepultar al sistema capitalista” y resuelve apoyar a la marcha de los pueblos indígenas del oriente (CIDOB)  en su legítima demanda de autonomías indígenas.

Rebelión de las bases

Una verdadera rebelión de las bases derrotó al candidato del MAS y eligió a una mujer Fanny Nina de presidente (por primera vez una mujer preside la organización).

Among the resolutions cited by APA (Altena Press Agency) are:

"On the recommendation of the Committee on Organic, lawmakers pledged to fight to bury the current neoliberal capitalist system that allows few amass fortunes with environmental pollution. The current government demanded the repeal of Decree 21060 because it is against the interests of the Bolivian workers "(the decree" founder "of neoliberalism, which provides the flexibility of labor and the MAS government refused to repeal). The current government also require project implementation macros that allow the creation of jobs, including respect for freedom of expression.

"Because it is a commitment to the fallen during the October called Gas War, Congress of Neighborhood Councils of El Alto decided to reroute the Agenda of October to ensure compliance with the nationalization of hydrocarbons without any compensation paid to transnational corporations. "

"The Federation of Neighborhood Committees (FEJUVE) of the city of El Alto complaint to Vice President Alvaro Garcia Linera and blancoide environment by being an enemy of peasant and indigenous movement and is willing to demand the resignation of the current president of Bolivia State , Evo Morales, if not redirects his behavior, and that through their environment blancoide would have become the enemy of indigenous people and workers. "

urged the party authorities and operators in terms of central and municipal government not intrude more in social organizations of El Alto and Bolivia. The Policy Committee in time to report the preliminary agreements that established the presidents of neighborhood associations who attended the conference over their bases, argued that the election of Deputy Mayor proceed through direct secret ballot, without the intervention of the presidents boards.

The members of the Policy Committee decided to request a budget increase to the Public University of El Alto (UPEA). An important claim, since the UPEA is like "Cinderella" of the Bolivian universities with a tiny budget. Is because it is the university founded by the people and workers of El Alto, which was very important part of the "gas war" and the statute provides for student choice of rector.

Congress addressed the issue of water in the municipality of El Alto demanding the creation of the Water Directorate in order to ensure that basic service provision and that is poor and tends to be more critical in the future as a result global warming. Established that it has to promote the construction of new water sources in order to improve the supply. According to the report of that commission, the address must be created by the current administration of the municipality that is under the leadership of Mayor Edgar Patana (MAS), has to work for the improvement of drinking water and sewage system, considered view that the Social State Company for Water and Sanitation (Epsas) pays insufficient attention that is generated from the CEO and the board of the entity. It decided to require strict social control of the direction of the company Epsas) exercised by the Fejuve. It also requires storm and sanitary sewer and paving of streets and avenues. Why

rebellion

Rise of the bases of the FEJUVE, defeating the candidate of the MAS and the harsh criticism of the government of Evo Morales expressed a deep social unrest. In the last elections for governors and mayors, MAS lost a million votes (a third of the electorate) and El Alto, while the MAS won a mayor, that decline was more than 50% over the presidential elections (the MAS from 82% to 40% of the vote). Popular discontent has its rationale in the MAS government, now with two thirds of the legislative bodies, not only does not advance to solve the serious social problems, but in some respects there are setbacks. The nationalization of oil was not such, but only a significant increase taxes on corporations. But the multinationals continue to control production and own Evo Morales, during his visit to Spain, has emerged as an "example" to Repsol. With this control, multinationals continue to plunder the economy, taking the gas without industrialization. Worse still is in mining where transnational corporations like San Cristobal, the largest zinc mine in the world, get 1000 million dollars a year and only provides $ 35 million in taxes, without even paying the huge amount of water consumed in a region with severe water shortages.

in May was the rebellion of the workers for wages, with strikes by teachers and factory reject the miserable 5% who gave the government in a context in which the wages of the vast majority of workers does not cover even half the basket and is held in miserable purchasing power it had in times of neoliberal Goni.

pacts with the right Santa Cruz and English imperialism and the Brazilian sub-imperialism are increasingly visible to the people. So the definition of the majority of Congress FEJUVE is a government that "colonial and oligarchic "is not an outburst, but a finding based on government actions.

The march of the CIDOB

FEJUVE Congress, as noted above, resolves to support the progress of the CIDOB (Central Eastern Bolivia Indigenous, which is the principal indigenous organization in eastern DRC) who go walking from the East to La Paz (1,000 km), to claim a real territorial autonomy with its own funds, economic resources directly from the TGN to the people as it is the constitutional mandate. This support of the whole of Congress delegates CIDOB FEJUVE the fact itself is a hugely important policy.

But the government negotiated with the rightwing Santa Cruz governor Ruben Costas autonomous funds go to departments and then they supposedly derive indigenous autonomy. Evo Morales also negotiated with the governor Costas, the core of the oligarchy agro-terra-petro-latinfundista, credit and support for road construction Bioceanic favoring Brazil and exit of goods to Chile as the Bureau disseminated 18 of the Peoples' Summit on Climate Change.

As he did with the strikes in manufacturing and teachers in May, the government, which disrespects the autonomy Indian, now says that the progress of the CIDOB is orchestrated by imperialism, in this case USAID.

The government launched a brutal media campaign to discredit the march of CIDOB. The official drew a racist caricature of Uncle Sam putting a puppet driving like an Indian in which he says CIDOB.

But the march was supported by the CONAMAQ, the largest indigenous organization in the highlands and the country, and all Members elected by indigenous districts that are 8.

worth noting that both were CIDOB CONAMAQ as part of the "Pact of Unity" (with the organization of rural women Bartolina Sisa, the peasant CSUTCB and Federations of the Chapare region, coca growers) who were founding and support of MAS.

Join the struggle, workers, peasants, neighborhood, indigenous

The Revolutionary Neighborhood Block of El Alto and the group's protest had been proposing, the main resolutions adopted by the Congress of the FEJUVE and delegates elected in districts were part of the majority who starred in the Rise of the bases.

Carlos Rojas, leader of the Revolutionary Neighborhood Block, highlighted the great success that mean FEJUVE Congress resolutions. "These resolutions should begin fulfilled. The new address should redirect the struggle for the Agenda of October and if this is true, if we expelled and to transnational confiscated, it will be an economic, political and social in favor of the majority so far have been deceived by all governments including the present. I also noted support for the progress of the CIDOB. It is essential to achieve unity of social organizations, all our demands and FEJUVE can play an important role in this call for unity against a government policy that well describes the resolution of colonial and oligarchic. "

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Well, we are a large family ... now that the Government has removed the "Check Baby," which was taken for each child (2,500 €), Zara could no longer with the belly and brought to the world ... 1, or 2 or 3 ... as the vet said ... 5 beautiful puppies, gorgeous and sanísimos ... Yesterday


contractions started at 3 and a half ago and was born first at 5.50 pm, an hour later the second, and until 9 pm ... Happy and content, the Papas and Grandparents ...

Here you have the first photo, and I'll submit those are accepted ideas to name them ... Was really wonderful experience unique, being able to see and help in childbirth Zara ... I'm happy to see that everything was as it had to be, that nature, so wise, did a good job, and the girl, all woman and amazing mother ...

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Mucus Before Periods, Pregnancy?

As dogs successfully cross

Zeal

dogs are said to have the heat every 6 months. Not entirely true, since in many cases the frequency will depend on the race. For example, German Shepherds I have actually every 180 days, but I have every 250 poodles. Often confound the zeal of your dogs with menstruation, but not have nothing to do from the standpoint of hormone. I mean, the dogs do not have a rule or term as women. It is also important to know that usually the stage where the indented bitch is not plenty of heat itself, but what is known as proestrus lasts on average 9 days, with an interval of 3 to 17 days, which is the period preceding the rut. At that time, the oestrus itself, the dog virtually eliminate vaginal bleeding, but that at most you will see a few drops of pink or straw color. The period that the bitch is receptive, technically known as estrus, lasts an average of 9 days with an interval of 3 to 21 days. It is therefore recommended that you present the dog to the male with whom you want to cross at 8 or 9 days it has started to bleed and subsequent days. The dog will try to ride it, but she is only receptive or accept it when your body is ready. The mounted


To achieve a successful mating, the female should be removed to the place where the male. The ideal is a relaxed atmosphere in which the male attracted by pheromones produced by the vagina and the anal glands of the female shall intercourse. I must say that natural mating is standard, but sometimes the inexperience of both or even the size of the dog or the dog can be an impediment to intercourse normally takes place especially in small breeds. In extreme cases and when natural mating is not possible, we will have to opt for artificial insemination. This is the male semen collection by manual masturbation and its subsequent introduction into the dog's cervix using a catheter. Times


The time a male and a female can be used in matching is 15-20 minutes.

At 16 days after mating, the uterus shows spherical bumps in the implantation sites and 20 days starts the implementation of embryos. An experienced veterinarian can make a pregnancy diagnosis by palpation at 25 days. The average gestation period is 63 days, varying between 56 to 72 if calculated from the time of the first mating.

We can say that after 5 weeks of gestation is when there is true development of fetuses, and 50 days will have virtually the present size when born. It is advisable to carry out an ultrasound at 30 and 50 days of gestation to determine the future health of the puppies, their positioning and number. If it is not possible to perform an ultrasound, may be replaced by an X-ray, to have no problem in fetuses. Precautions and food


The use of medications during pregnancy if necessary, should be done with extreme caution and always under veterinary supervision as it may cause fetal defects (teratogenic effects). What if indicated is the female parasite on day 45 of gestation to avoid possible transmission to the fetus via placental parasites that may give serious problems in the digestive system of puppies. This deworming should be repeated in the mother, ten days after delivery. It is also advisable to change the power of the mother from day 30 of gestation. The best food will feed the growing puppy made by race or size. This special diet must be maintained until weaning.

Labor

When there are a few days for delivery, or sometimes just 12-14 hours, the dog was restless, hyperactive, dig in certain parts of the house and look for the place that it seems the more appropriate to give birth. This place will not always be consistent with which of you it seems the right one, so if we do not want unpleasant surprises, it's time to get to the task to teach the site that you have chosen. The ideal is a quiet and far away from the bustle of the household maximum. During the hours before delivery you will see that the dog goes to the place very often designed for delivery and display aggressive with strangers. The bed for labor, material must be hard for the dog to realize if you are crushing a puppy and the sides high enough to prevent a puppy from moving too much. Needless to say, you have to be sized according to the size of the dog. One point that I think of the utmost importance and often forgotten, is that childbirth should be present only those close to the mother. There have been cases of cannibalism when the dog understands that the litter is threatened or shipments of puppies to places she considers safer. The decline in rectal temperature 8 to 24 hours before delivery is a parameter that should be taken into account. In the dwarf races can fall to 35 º C, in medium to 36 ° C and the giants to 37 ° C.

Pups and placentas are expelled with the uterine contractions and abdominal contractions help. Once the puppy born, the mother shall hygiene breaking through the fetal envelopes licked with teeth cut the umbilical cord and remove fluids and casings that may be obstructing the external airway. In the case of weak or dead puppies, their revival after trying and not succeeding, the mother separated from the rest, hide, bury them, or very rarely eaten.

intervals of 10 minutes to 2-3 hours between each birth are considered normal, with an average time of 30-45 minutes. Time will later explain in more detail the different periods of confinement and the control that you should do about them.

Since during the period of gestation of the bitch will be necessary a couple of routine clinical visits to your, you will have to take the nearest to delivery to you explain all the possible circumstances that may lead to a difficult delivery that will be necessary to go to a vet urgently.


José Enrique Zaldívar
Laguía

Veterinary Clinic Colors.



SOURCE: www.perros.com

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pregnancy and childbirth

pregnancy and childbirth

The length of gestation in the bitch is difficult to pinpoint because there are several points to consider: variation at the time of ovulation, mating dates and duration of estrus variable (heat).

Pregnancy in the bitch lasts an average of 63 days after mating. The number of pups per litter will last longer gestation or less. Thus, in large litters is shortened to 55 or 57 days in which there is only a puppy is 60 days.

Unlike women, the dog there is no blood or urine analysis that detects pregnancy. This is because there are no significant differences in hormones so it can be confirmed.

reviews are underway with another hormone, relaxin, in mid-gestation, but not before. Thus, the method before it is detected by ultrasound. Care should be taken with medications. In fact, in pregnant dogs can cause abortion in extreme cases.

The diet in the pregnant bitch should be the same as received (maintenance) during the first four weeks after mating. It is good that the dog too much weight in the first half of pregnancy.

In the period between the fifth week until delivery and the subsequent lactation, the diet must change to a richer in protein, minerals (calcium) and energy. The animal needs a greater contribution to form the new skeletons of the puppies. Feed used special puppies or pregnant females. If it is impossible to change your diet, would have to remove everything that you may feel bad or worse at some time to digest (viscera or leftover food).

is advisable to increase the number of meals offered a bitch in the last weeks of pregnancy, because they will eat less of the pressure of the abdomen in the stomach.

Veterinary checks: During the first trimester of pregnancy, the female does not undergo significant changes. While some eat more, others have appetite capricious, we find relaxing or mimosas ... Call your veterinarian to make sure if there are similar symptoms that there is no disease but a probable pregnancy.

The first review ultrasound (and therefore pregnancy diagnosis) can be performed at 21 days after mating, but it really will look better image about 25-28 days.

Advantages of ultrasonography compared to radiography:

- no damage at all the physical integrity of the puppies or the mother.

- we can check the number of pups, as in the X-ray and also the vitality of each of them.

- measurements are the size of each to predict a possible difficult delivery.

- are different formations strange or masses that do not correspond to a normal fetus.

Disadvantages:

- must be performed by a specialist.

- is more expensive than radiography.

The female must be in good physical condition before being submitted to a pregnancy, that is, free from any problems or chronic immune-type (renal or hepatic failure), to be free of infectious diseases, be wormed internally and externally, and, of course, keep up to date vaccines that apply. It is not advisable pregnancy in dogs with hereditary or genetic problems that impede the delivery (hip dysplasia).

Any variation of the above features will not prevent pregnancy, but it will hinder or have your fruit to pay the consequences (pups born to parasitized mothers come into the world with parasites in most cases).

Age is also a factor taken into account, since it does not bear pregnancy as a dog for three years that one of nine. We see dogs on the street at nine or ten years have been mothers and smoothly, but it is not advisable. Caesarean section is a complication that can occur and surgery is an added stress on your body, which in years can be a serious problem.

Daily exercise should remain the same in the life of the dog, if not submitted during this period to competitions, hunting trips, exhibitions or heavy jobs. Will gradually become more reluctant to move because once the pups start to grow, the abdomen bulges and rises, resulting in heavy for the dog.

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I'll be ... MAMA! The Yorkshire Terrier

... Because if Zara is determined to make us grandparents ... not know how or when it happened. He had a zeal for the six months were very weak, without staining, were it not for the persistent persecution of Kenzo, if she were alone, might not we found out ... the surprise was that the next month was put back on heat, with all his might, had it completely, here is noto ... I had my doubts about Kenzo, after four years alone, away from Kira, and that did not quite accept the hyperactive Zara ... but it seems that way (there remains the possibility of pregnancy is psychological), changing the physical character and everything indicates that she is pregnant.

For all we know of his mother, pregnancy brings two puppies, I think this is inherited, which is itself not from the first delivery ... Maybe I should have had and paid more attention to not get pregnant, which is not expected, thought to be the first heat (... or second if you count the former), she would refuse to Kenzo and wait ... but no ...

Say it is not good that the females become pregnant before the year or the second heat, also need to have puppies at least once, to fully develop. For me it's the first time that I live full-term pregnancy one of my dogs, I have helped some, but I had no home pregnant female ... Kira could never have puppies.

I too am among those who think that nature is wise and if it happened that she is prepared, like the Vets tell us not to see our pets as children, so that we can meet their needs as animals and not humanize them too much, think and say, if it is a natural behavior, and a physiological need, can not be that bad ...

Well the fact is that our little girl, no longer it is, is a sissy, mimosa, sleepy and all symptoms of a happy pregnancy, and spent the first vomiting, from time to sleep, to have a normal behavior of joy and power, although it looks very much to do physical excesses and protect the potbellied you have. Thirty days will have their first gynecological examination, and hope everything goes well.

The truth is that I'm very excited, as well as handsome, popes have very good character and will be more united from now. I'll tell you the result of the link between "Zara de Castro de Oro" and "Kenzo Real lapis Lozano. "

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where is my candidate GAS Warrior? And now

"First of all is lost the M-17, Roberto de la Cruz and the warriors of GAS?

have to be shameless to hide and continue to breastfeed from politicking to make and do in the city of El Alto. do not believe that this attitude only come to this city.

Coincidentally as in a conversation of guys in our areas, we talked of this notorious and hog the media, controversial and confused political social issues in the city of El Alto, Roberto de la Cruz, and both gave the green stick Social sectors, Patana and MAS in this city and so eager to participate in these elections and said that everything is decided by the rules, together with their indigenous Taliban El Alto, a group that now believe are the satucos of El Alto. Not participate in these elections where he got "?

could not see how they would find before or after these elections.

Eureka we found it. The surprise to see his picture with EVO and cackling, several pamphlets plastered the streets of El Alto, in detail saying that it is the representative of the WARRIORS OF GAS, Roberto de la Cruz goes to Assemblyman Department of the city of La Paz.

should not spit into the sky dear brother fighter represéntatele gas victims, not good try and now be judged. All that we think we did it knowing it would lose these elections in El Alto municipal government as it ran out of Taliban bases and pomp made possible campaign.

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who clean our streets?